The Role of Warnings in Regulation: Keeping Control with Less Punishment

Authors:

Nyborg, Karine and Kjetil Telle

Year:

2004

Reference:

88 (12), 2801-2816.Nummer i serie: 24

Summary

Regulatory agencies frequently present violators with warnings, not pursuing prosecution if the violation ceases upon receipt of the warning. We show how such warnings may help regulators to keep control: Prosecution is costly for the regulator, and insufficient prosecution efforts yield low penalties. Thus, with a limited regulatory budget, threats of harsh sanctions are credible only if the number of violators is low. This produces multiple Nash equilibria. If firms may make mistakes, the economy can accidentally switch from one equilibrium to another. Warnings reduce substantially the probability of such accidental switches from the full-compliance to the no-compliance equilibrium.

JEL:

D62, K42, L51, Q28

Keywords:

Enforcement, warnings, multiple equilibria.

Project:

Oppdragsgiver: Norges forskningsråd
Oppdragsgivers prosjektnr.:
Frisch prosjekt: 3121 - Enforcement of the Norwegian Pollution Control Act

Contact:

karine.nyborg@frisch.uio.no

Financing:

Research Council of Norway